Sunday, August 14, 2011

Learning Style

Learning Style - Learning or teaching is an activity that we must do and we give to our children. Because he is the key to success fatherly reach a bright future, to prepare the nation's generation with a high scientific insight. That will ultimately be useful for the nation, state, and religion. Seeing such a vital role, then apply the Styles of effective and efficient is a necessity. With the hope of teaching and learning process will run menyenakngkan and not boring. Below are some effective Styles of learning, that we may prepare. 


Styles Debate | Learning Style 
Style of debate is one Style of learning is very important to enhance students' academic abilities. Teaching materials are selected and arranged into a package the pros and cons. Students are divided into several groups and each group consisted of four people. Within the group, students (two men took up positions pro and two others in a position counterproductive) to debate about the assigned topic. Reports of each group regarding the pros and cons of the two positions given to teachers. 


Furthermore, teachers can evaluate each student on the mastery of the material covering the second position and evaluate how effectively students are involved in the procedure debate. 

Basically, that all successful models of cooperative learning as expected, each model must involve teaching materials that allow students to help each other and supportive when they learn the material and work interdependence (interdependence) to complete the task. Social skills needed in business collaboration should be central to the success of completing the task group. These skills can be taught to students and the role students can be determined to facilitate group process. The role may vary according to task, for example, the role of recorder (recorder), maker of the conclusions (summarizer), regulator of materials (materials manager), or the facilitator and the teacher's role as monitors can be a learning process. 

Styles Role Playing | Learning Style 
Style of Role Playing is a way of mastering the learning materials through the development of students' imagination and appreciation. Development of imagination and appreciation of the student with the act it as a character living or inanimate objects. The game is generally carried out more than one person, it depends on what is played. Role Playing advantage of this Style: 

Involving all students can participate have the opportunity to advance its ability to cooperate. 
  1. Students are free to make decisions and express their entirety. 
  2. The game is an invention that is easy and can be used in different situations and time. 
  3. Teachers can evaluate students' understanding of each observation when doing the game. 
  4. The game is a fun learning experience for children. 

Problem Solving Styles (Problem Solving) | Learning Style
Style of problem solving (problem solving) is the use of Styles in learning activities with the road train students to face various problems either personal or individual and group problem to be solved alone or jointly. 

Learning orientation is an investigation and discovery that is essentially a problem-solving. 
The advantages of problem solving Styles as follows: 
  1. Trains students to design an invention. 
  2. Think and act creatively. 
  3. Solve the problems faced realistically 
  4. Identify and conduct investigations. 
  5. Interpret and evaluate the results of observation. 
  6. Stimulate the development of student thinking progress to resolve the problems faced by the right. 
  7. Can make school education more relevant to life, especially the world of work. 

Weakness of the Style of problem solving as follows: 
  1. Some subjects are very difficult to implement this Style. Eg lack of laboratory equipment made ​​it difficult to see and observe students as well as finally be able to conclude the event or concept. 
  2. Require a longer time allocation compared with other learning Styles


Problem Based Learning | Learning Style 
Problem Based Instruction (PBI) focus on life issues that are meaningful to students, the teacher presents a problem, ask questions and facilitate the investigation and dialogue. 
Steps: 
  1. The teacher explains the purpose of learning. Explaining the logistics required. Motivating students to engage in problem solving activities chosen. 
  2. Teachers help students learn to define and organize tasks related to the problem (set of topics, tasks, schedules, etc..) 
  3. Teachers encourage students to gather the appropriate information, conduct experiments to obtain an explanation and problem solving, data collection, hypothesis, problem-solving. 
  4. Teachers assist students in planning and preparing the appropriate works such as reports and help them share the duties with his friend. 
  5. Teachers help students to do reflection or evaluation of their investigations and the processes they use. 

Pros: 
  1. Students involved in learning activities so that knowledge really well absorbed. 
  2. Trained to cooperate with other students. 
  3. Can be obtained from various sources. 

Disadvantages: 
  1. For students who are lazy goal of these Styles can not be achieved. 
  2. Requires much time and money. 
  3. Not all subjects can be applied with this Style


Cooperative Script | Learning Style
The script is a Style of cooperative learning where students work in pairs and orally summarizing sections of material studied. 
Steps: 
  1. The teacher divides the students to pair up. 
  2. Teachers share the discourse / materials for each student to read and create a summary. 
  3. Teachers and students determine who first acts as speaker and who will act as a listener. 
  4. Speakers read the summary as complete as possible, by incorporating the main ideas in summary. While the audience listened to / correct / show the main ideas that are less comprehensive and help to remember / memorize the main ideas by connecting with the previous material or other material. 
  5. Exchanging the role, initially as a listener and the speaker exchanged vice versa, and do as above. 
  6. Conclusion teacher. 
  7. Cover. 

Pros: 
  1. Train the hearing, accuracy / precision. 
  2. Each student receives a role. 
  3. Train reveals the mistakes of others with the spoken word. 

Disadvantages: 
  1. Only used for certain subjects 
  2. Only do two people (not involving the whole class so that the correction was limited to the two-person). 


Picture and Picture 
Picture and Picture is a learning Style that uses images and paired / sorted into a logical sequence. 
Steps: 
  1. Teachers deliver the competencies to be achieved. 
  2. Presenting the material as an introduction. 
  3. Teachers demonstrate / show images related to the material. 
  4. Master points / call the students alternately install / sort the pictures into a logical sequence. 
  5. The teacher asks the reasons / rationale for the image sequence. 
  6. Of the reason / image sequence to start instilling the concept of the teacher / materials in accordance with the competencies to be achieved. 
  7. Conclusion / summary. 

Goodness: 
  1. Teachers are more determine the ability of each student. 
  2. Train to think logically and systematically. 

Disadvantages: Eating a lot of time. Many students are passive. 

Numbered Heads Together | Learning Style
Numbered Heads Together is a Style of learning where each student is given a number and then created a group and then randomly call a number of student teachers. 
Steps: 
  1. Students are divided into groups, each student in each group gets a number. 
  2. The teacher gives the task and each group to do it. 
  3. The group discussed the correct answers and make sure each member of the group can do it. 
  4. Teacher calls one of the numbers of students with the called number to report the results of their cooperation. 
  5. The response from another friend, then the teacher pointed to another number. 
  6. Conclusion. 

Pros: 
  1. Each student to be ready all. 
  2. Can have discussions in earnest. 
  3. Students who are good to teach students who are less intelligent. 

Weaknesses: 
  1. Possible number called, called again by the teacher. 
  2. Not all members of the group called by the teacher 


Investigation Style group (Group Investigation) | Learning Style
Group investigation Style is often viewed as the most complex and most difficult to implement in a cooperative learning. This Style involves students from planning, both in determining the topics or ways to learn through investigation. This Style requires students to have good skills in communication and process skills in the group (group process skills). Teachers who use investigative Styles generally divide the class into groups of 5 to 6 students with heterogeneous characteristics. Distribution groups can also be based on pleasure friends or common interests of a particular topic. Students choose the topic you want to learn, follow-depth investigation of the various subtopics that have been selected, then prepare and present a report to the class as a whole. The description about the steps the group investigation Style can be stated as follows: 

a. Selection of topics 
Parasiswa choose different subtopics within a general problem area is usually described in advance by the teacher. The students then organized into groups that are task oriented (task-oriented groups) consisting of 2 to 6 people. The composition of heterogeneous groups in both genders, ethnicity and academic ability. 

b. Cooperation plan 
Parasiswa and teachers plan a variety of specific learning procedures, tasks and general objectives that are consistent with a variety of topics and subtopics that have been selected from step a) above. 

c. Implementation 
Parasiswa implement a plan that was formulated in step b). Learning must involve a variety of activities and skills with a wide variety and encourages students to use various sources, both contained within and outside of school. Teachers are constantly follow the progress of each group and provide assistance if needed. 

d. Analysis and synthesis 
Parasiswa analyze and synthesize information obtained in step c) and plan to be summarized in an interesting presentation to the class. 

e. Presentation of final results 
All groups presents an interesting presentation from a variety of topics that have been studied in order that all students in each class involved and reach a broad perspective on the topic. Group presentations coordinated by the teacher. 

f. Evaluation 
Teachers and students to evaluate the contribution of each group of class work as a whole. Evaluation can include each student individually or in groups, or both. 

Jigsaw Style
Basically, in this model the teacher divides the large units of information into smaller components. The teacher divides the students into cooperative learning groups consisting of four students so that each member is responsible for mastery of each component / subtopics are assigned a teacher with the best. Students from each group responsible for the same subtopic again form a group consisting of consisting of two or three people. 

These students work together to complete the task kooperatifnya in: a) learn and become experts in the subtopic thereof; b) planning how to teach subtopics parts to members of the original group. After that the students returned to their respective groups as "experts" in subtopiknya and teach important information in these subtopics to a friend. Experts in other subtopics also act similarly. So that all students are responsible to demonstrate mastery of all material that is assigned by the teacher. Thus, each student must master the topic in the group as a whole. 

Styles Team Games Tournament (TGT) | Learning Style 
Cooperative learning models of TGT is one type or model of cooperative learning are easy to implement, involving the activities of all students without any distinction of status, involving the role of students as peer tutors and contains elements of the game and reinforcement. 
Learning activities with games designed in the TGT cooperative learning model allows students to learn to relax in addition to foster responsibility, cooperation, fair competition and the involvement of learning. 

This 5 major component in the main component in the TGT that is:  | Learning Style

1. Presentation of the class 
In the early learning teachers deliver the material in class presentation, usually done by direct teaching or by lectures, discussions led by teachers. At the presentation of this class students should really pay attention and understand the material presented teacher, because it will help students work better when the group work and during the game because the game score will determine the score of the group. 

2. Group (team) 
The group usually consists of 4 to 5 students are members of heterogeneous views of academic achievement, gender and race or ethnicity. The function of the group is to further explore the matter with your group and more specifically to prepare group members to work properly and optimally at the time of the game. 

3. Games 
Game consists of questions designed to test students' knowledge gained from classroom presentation and study groups. Most games consist of simple questions numbered. Students select a numbered card and try to answer the questions that correspond with that number. Students who correctly answer that question would get a score. These scores are later gathered students for weekly tournaments. 

4. Tournament 
Usually the tournament conducted on weekends or on each unit after presenting the class teacher and the group already working on the worksheet. The first tournament of teachers divide students into several table tournaments. The three highest student achievement grouped in table I, three students are next on the table II and beyond. 

5. Recognize team (group award) 
The teacher then announced the winning team, each team will receive a gift certificate or if the average score to meet the specified criteria. Team earned the nickname "Super Team" if the average score of 45 or more, "Great Team" in an average of 40-45 and "Good Team" if the average is 30-40 

Model Student Teams - Achievement Divisions (STAD) | Learning Style 
Students are grouped in heterogeneous and students who are good at explaining other members to understand. 
Steps: 
  1. Form a group whose members are 4 people in a heterogeneous (mixed by achievement, gender, ethnicity, etc.).. 
  2. The teacher presents the lesson. 
  3. The teacher gives the task to the group to work on group members. Members who knows explain to other members until all members of the group understood. 
  4. The teacher gives a quiz / questions to all students. At the time of answering the quiz should not help each other. 
  5. Giving evaluation. 
  6. Cover. 

Pros: 
  1. All students become better prepared. 
  2. Good cooperation with the train. 

Disadvantages: 
  1. The group members all have difficulties. 
  2. Differentiating students. 


Examples Non-Examples Models | Learning Style 
Examples Non-Examples are the Style of learning using examples. Examples can be the case / relevant images with KD. 
Steps: 
  1. Teachers prepare drawings in accordance with the learning objectives. 
  2. Teachers put a picture on the board or displayed through OHP. 
  3. Teachers give guidance and provide an opportunity for students to observe / analyze the images. 
  4. Through discussion groups 2-3 students, the discussion of the analysis of the image is recorded on paper. 
  5. Each group was given the opportunity to read the results of their discussion. 
  6. Starting from the comments / discussion students, teachers begin to explain the material according to the objectives to be achieved.  

Goodness: 
  1. Students are more critical in analyzing the images. 
  2. Students learn the application of the material in the form of example images. 
  3. Students are given the opportunity to express his opinion. 

Disadvantages: 
  1. Not all material can be presented in the form of images. 
  2. Take a long time. 


Model Lesson Study | Learning Style 
Lesson Study is a Style developed in Japan that the Japanese language called Jugyokenkyuu. The term lesson study itself was created by Makoto Yoshida. 
Lesson Study is a process in developing the professionalism of teachers in Japan by investigating / testing their teaching practices to become more effective. 
The steps are as follows: 
1. A number of teachers working within a group. This cooperation includes: 
  • Planning. 
  • Teaching practice. 
  • Observation. 
  • Reflection / criticism towards learning. 

2. One of the teachers in the group doing the planning stages of making a mature lesson plan comes with foundations that support the theory. 

3. Teachers who have made ​​learning plans in (2) and then teaching in real classroom. Means phase implemented teaching practices. 

4. Other teachers in the group observe the learning process while matching lesson plans that have been made. Terlalui mean observation stage. 

5. All teachers in the group including teachers who have taught together and then discuss their observations of learning that has taken place. This stage is a stage of reflection. In this stage also discussed remedial measures for the next lesson. 

6. The results in (5) subsequently implemented on the class / next lesson and so return to (2). 
The excess of lesson study Style as follows: 
  • Can be applied in every fields ranging arts, language, to math and sports and at every grade level. 
  • Can be implemented inter / cross school. Learning Style
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