Definition Of Culture - Many different definitions of culture that has been describe by experts. Of the various definitions can be obtained conclusions about cultural definition is something that will affect the level of knowledge and include systems of ideas or the ideas contained in the human mind, so that in everyday life, the culture is abstract. The word culture or the culture itself is derived from the Sanskrit language is buddhayah, which is the plural form of the buddhi (mind or reason) is defined as matters relating to the mind and human reason. In more detail, many things we can learn about the definition of culture. How does our view of culture, as well as how to menetrasi culture that in fact has influenced other cultures. Definition Of Culture

1. Definition of Culture 

2. Understanding Culture 

3. How To Look Of Culture 

3.1 Culture as civilization 

3.2 Culture as a "general point of view" 

3.3 Culture as a Mechanism of Stabilization . - Definition Of Culture

4. Cultural penetration 

4.1 peaceful penetration (penetration pasifique) 

4.2 Penetration Hardness (penetration violante) 

Refferensi

Culture is a way of life that developed and owned jointly by a group of people and passed down from generation to generation. Culture is made up of many complex elements, including religion and political systems, customs, languages, tools, clothing, buildings, and artwork. Language, as well as culture, is part and parcel of the human self so that many people tend to see them passed on genetically. When someone tried to communicate with people who berbada culture and adjust their differences, proving that culture is learned.

Culture is a holistic lifestyle. culture is complex, abstract, and broad. Many aspects contribute to determine the behavior of communicative culture. The elements of this socio-cultural spread and cover a lot of human social activities.

Some of the reasons why people experience difficulties when communicating with people from other cultures is seen in the definition of culture: Culture is a complex device values ​​that are polarized by an image that contains the views of its own merits. "The image of the force" that takes different forms in various cultures such as "rugged individualism" in America, "individual harmony with nature" d Japan and the "collective compliance" in China. Cultural image of the force brsifat equip its members with guidelines regarding appropriate behavior and set a world of meaning and logical values ​​that can be borrowed its members the most humble to gain a sense of dignity and coherence with their lives.

Thus, budayalah which provides a coherent framework for organizing one's activities and enable it to predict the behavior of others.

Culture is closely related to the community. Melville J. Herskovits and Bronislaw Malinowski argued that everything contained in this society is determined by a culture that is owned by society itself. The term for it is the opinion of Cultural-determinism.

Herskovits view culture as something handed down from one generation to another, who then called superorganic. According to Andreas Eppink, cultures containing whole notion of social values, social norms, knowledge and overall social structures, religious, and others, plus all the intellectual and artistic statement that characterizes a society.

According to Edward Burnett Tylor, culture is a complex whole, in which are knowledge, belief, art, morals, laws, customs, and other capabilities from any person as a member of the community.

According Selo Soemardjan and Soelaiman Soemardi, culture is the means of work, taste, and the copyright community.

Of the various definitions, we can obtain Definition Of Culture is something that will affect the level of knowledge and includes the system of ideas or the ideas contained in the human mind, so that in everyday life, the culture is abstract. While the embodiment of cultural objects are created by humans as being cultured, and the behavior of objects that are tangible, such as patterns of behavior, language, equipment life, social organization, religion, art, etc., which all intended to help sustain life in human society.

Today, most people definition the idea of ​​"culture" developed in Europe in the 18th century and early 19th century. The idea of ​​"culture" reflects an imbalance between European powers and the strength of the occupied areas. They consider 'culture' as "civilization" as the opposite of "nature". According to this way of thinking, one culture with another culture can be compared; one culture is definitely higher than other cultures.

In practice, the word culture refers to the objects and activities of the "elite" such as wearing clothes that are classy, ​​fine art, or listen to classical music, while the cultured word used to describe people who know, and take part, from activities in above. For example, if someone berpendendapat that classical music is music that "classy", the elite, and the flavor of art, traditional music while the music is regarded as plebeian and outdated, then the presumption arises that he is a person who is "cultured".

People who use the word "culture" in this way do not believe there are other cultures that exist, they believe that there is only one culture and become a benchmark norms and values ​​around the world. According to this view, someone who has habits that are different from those who are "cultured" is referred to as people who "are not culturally", not as people "from other cultures." People who "are not culturally" said to be more "natural," and the Analysts often maintain elements of high culture (high culture) to suppress the thought "natural man" (human nature)

Since the 18th century, some social critics have accepted the existence of differences between cultured and not cultured, but the comparison-cultured and cultured-can suppress interpretation of refinement and interpretation of experience as a destructive development and "unnatural" that obscures and distorts the nature humans. In this case, traditional music (created by the working class) is considered to express the "natural way of life" (natural way of life), and classical music as a setback and decline.

Currently mostly social scientists refuse to compare between nature and culture with monadic concept ever applies. They assume that the cultures that were previously considered "elite" and "elite culture" is the same - each community has a culture that can not be compared. Social observer to distinguish some cultures as popular culture (popular culture) or pop culture, meaning goods or activities that are produced and consumed by many people.

During the Romantic era, scholars in Germany, particularly those concerned with nationalist movements - such as the nationalist struggle to unify Germany, and the nationalist struggles of ethnic minorities against the Austro-Hungarian Empire - developed a notion of culture in the "general point of view". This thinking is considered a culture with other cultures have differences and particularities of each. Therefore, culture can not be compared. Nevertheless, this idea still recognize the separation between "cultured" with "not cultured" or cultural "primitive."

At the end of the 19th century, anthropologists have used the word culture with a broader definition. Departing from the theory of evolution, they assume that every human being to grow and evolve together, and of cultural evolution that's created.

In the 50's subculture - a group with a slightly different behavior from its parent culture - began to be the subject of research by sociologists. In this century too, happens popularization of the idea of ​​corporate culture - differences and talents within the context of workers' organization or place of work.

The theories that exist today assume that (a) culture is a product of the stabilization inherent in evolutionary pressures toward togetherness and mutual awareness in a society, or so-called tribalism.

Cultural penetration can occur in two ways: 

The entry of a culture by peaceful means. For example, the influence of Hindu culture and Islam to Indonesia. Acceptance of both kinds of cultures does not lead to conflict, but enrich the local culture. Influence of these two cultures did not result in loss of original elements of culture.

The spread of the peaceful culture will result in acculturation, assimilation, or synthesis. Acculturation is the merging of two cultures so as to form a new culture without losing the element of indigenous cultures. For example, the shape of the building of Borobudur temple which is a blend of indigenous Indonesian culture and Indian culture. Assimilation is the mixing of two cultures to form a new culture. While the synthesis is the mixing of two cultures that resulted in the formation of a new culture very different from the original culture.

The entry of a culture by force and damage. For example, the entry of Western culture into Indonesia in colonial times, giving rise to violent shocks which damage the balance in society. Being among other western world culture is the culture of the Dutch who colonized for 350 years. Cultural heritage is still attached to the Dutch in Indonesia, among others, the government system of Indonesia. Definition Of Culture